NEET Biology Syllabus 2024

 As per revised syllabus 2024 neet biology topic includes

Class 11

UNIT l: Diversity in Living World

• What is living? ; Biodiversity; Need for classification;; Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature;
• Five kingdom classification: salient features and classification of Monera; Protista and Fungi into major groups: Lichensl Viruses and Viroids.
• Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophyres, Gymnosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing featues and at least two examples of each category);
• Salient features and classification ofanimals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two examples)'

UNIT 2: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

• Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inllorescence- cymose and recemose, flower' fruit and seed .To be dealt along with the relevant practical ofthe Practical Syllabus) Family (Malvaceae, Cruciferae, Leguminoceae, Compositae, Graminae).

•  Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (Frog)' (Brief account only)

UNIT 3: Cell Structure and Function

• cell theory and cell as the basic unit oflife; Structure ofprokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope' cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles- structure and function; Endomembrane system-endoplasmic reticulum' Golgi bodies' lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies; Cytoskeleton' cilia flag"lla centrioles (ultra structure and function); Nucleus-nuclear membrane' chromatin, nucleolus.

chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins,UNIT 4: Plant Physiology

• Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic nutrition; Site of photosynthesis take place; pigments involved in Photosynthesis (Elementary-.idea); Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and non cyclic andphotophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hlpothesis; photorespiration c3 and c4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis.
• Respiration: Exchange gases; cellular respiration-glycolysis. fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations- Number of ATp molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient.
•  Plant growth and development: Seed germination; phases of plant gowth and plant growth rate; Conditions of growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; Sequence ofdevelopmental process in a plant cell; Growth regulators- auxin, gibberellin, cy.tokinin, ethylene, ABA.

UNIT 5: Human Physiology

• Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animars (reca onry); Respiratory system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration Respiratory volumes; Disorders related to respiration-Asthma,  Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders.
• Body fluids and circulation: composition ofblood, blood groups, coagulation of brood; composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system-structure of human heart and blood vessers; cardiac cycle, cardiac output. ECc. Doubre circulation; Regulation ofcardiac activity; Disorders ofcircuratory system-Hypertension, coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure.
•  Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion- Ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; Human excretory system-structure and fuction; Urine formation, osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin, Atrial Natriuretic Factor' ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other orgais in excretion; Disorders; Uraemia, Renal fairure, Renal carcuri, Nephritis; Diarlsis and artificial kidney.
• Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement- c iary, fiagelrar, muscular; Skeletal muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal system and its functions (To be dealt with the relevant practical of practical sylrabus); Joints; Disorders of muscular and skeletal system-Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout.
•  Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humanscentral nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; Generation and conduction of nerve impulse;
• Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system-Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, Thyroid, parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism ofhormone action (Elementary ldea); Role ofhormones as messengers and regurators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and rerated disorders (common disorders e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter, exopthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease). (lmp: Diseases and disorders mentioned above to be deolt in brief.)

CLASS 12

UNIT 6: Reproduction

• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events- Development of  endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.

• Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation: Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).
• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control-Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; lnfertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).

UNIT 7: Genetics and Evolution

• Heredity and variation: Mendelian lnheritance; Deviations from Mendelism- Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination-l-n humans' birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance-Haemophilia colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Tumer's and Klinefelter's syndromes.
• Moleculat basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation- Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing, protein biosynthesis.
• Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin,s contribution, Modem Synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution-Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection; cene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-weinberg's principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution.

UNIT 8: Biology and Human Welfare

• Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis. Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm, dengue, chikungunya); Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.Tobacco abuse
• Microbes in hurnan wellellare: In househ.ld tbod processing, lrdustrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

Unit 9: Biotechnology and its Applications 

• Princrples and process of Biote:hnologl: Gerietic engineering (Recornbinant DNA technology).

• Application of Biotechnology rn hcalth and agnculture: Human insulin and vaccine proi.iuction, gens therapyi Cienbtically modified :organisms-Br crops: Transgenic Animalsl Biosalety issues-Biopiracy and patents.

UNIT l0: Ecology and Environment

• organisms and environrnentPopulation intemctions-mutualism, competition..predation, parasitisml Populaticn attributes-growth. birth rate ad death rate, age distnburion. Ecosystem: Pattems, components; produchvitv aud decomposition: Energy flow: Pyramids of number, biomass. energy
• Biodiversity and its conservation: concepr of Biodiversity; patterns of Biodiversity: Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversityr Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms. extinction; Red Data Book. biosphere resen'es, National parks and sanctuaries, Sacred Groves.